Carbonized anthracites display optimal properties
Carbonized anthracites are characterized by different microstructures depending on the heat-treatment temperature. They are also differentiated by inorganic compositions. Moreover, they can display remarkable differences in their graphitization furnace behavior when exposed to the same heat-treatment regime. The present study investigated the changes of the carbon structure during the heat-treatment process of anthracite.
X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were employed to explore the mineral composition and microstructure of anthracite. A detailed analysis of the crystallinity, atomic proportion, and textural anisotropy of the sample was made to reveal the migration mechanism.
The study sample was anthracite with a nominal size range of 10-20 mm. It was obtained from the Ningxia region, China. The minerals were analyzed using the PDF2-2004 database.
X-ray diffraction of the sample showed that the anthracite crystallinity and crystalline parameters were highly variable. However, the FWHM value of the G band was narrowest in the 6-1300 sample.
The anthracite was also analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. It was concluded that anthracite had higher residual ash content than the control sample. These results suggest the possibility of an irreversible chemical reaction.
During heat-treatment, cracks appeared inside anthracite. These cracks were attributed to the migration of the minerals in liquid and gas phase. It was found that a majority of the minerals were migrated to cracks.
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Horizontal graphitization furnaces
Horizontal graphitization furnaces are used in high temperature graphitization process to purify or treat thermally conductive materials. They can reach 3000 degC and are widely used for PI film production lines and graphite purification. They have an advanced design, high automatic equipment, and an open communication interface. They are designed to increase production capacity.
The closed body of the furnace uses thermal energy efficiently and improves the purity of the product. Moreover, the closed body also prevents impurities from blending into the raw materials. Moreover, it is easy to clean the inside of the furnace. It also reduces the number of mechanical parts and the energy consumption.
The graphitization furnace is made up of a corrugated sheet metal shell, a feeding device, a lower electrode, and a discharging device. Among these, the feeding device is located outside the furnace body and can be driven by hydraulic power or mechanical power. The lower electrode is placed below the feeding inlet and can be horizontally positioned.
The core zone of the graphitization furnace is formed between the upper and the lower electrodes. The core temperature is high, which accelerates the graphitization process. This kind of graphitization furnace is used to produce 14 tons of SiC.
In the graphitization process, the material passes through a series of pre-heating, heating, and cooling stages. The pre-heating stage preheats the raw materials. The temperature difference between the upper and lower electrodes causes uneven heating, which results in non-uniform graphitization.
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Circulating water cooling system
The present invention relates to a circulating water cooling system for high temperature graphitization furnace process. It aims to provide a pollution-free circulating water cooling system. This system may include a cooling pool or tower outside the furnace body. It can also use a closed furnace body to save energy.
A closed furnace body can improve the quality and purity of the finished product. It can also prevent impurities from mixing into the raw materials. In addition, it can make efficient use of thermal energy. The closed graphite furnace body can improve the life cycle of the furnace. It can also avoid excessive waste gas.
The closed furnace body consists of a carbon composite material. It has high thermal efficiency and low thermal loss. It is durable and has improved chemical stability. In the present invention, it can complete the whole process of material feeding, preheating, cooling, and discharging.
The upper electrode and lower electrode are located in the furnace body. They can be placed in a perpendicular position or in a multiple pair around the center axis of the lower electrode. They can form an umbrella or cone table shape electric field. This electric field matches the natural shape of the falling raw materials. The upper electrode is located below the feeding inlet.
