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Biopolymers can be broadly classified into three categories: proteins, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates. Proteins are composed of long chains of amino acids, which are linked by peptide bonds. These chains can fold into specific three-dimensional structures, which are critical for their function as enzymes, receptors, transporters, and structural components. Nucleic acids are composed of long chains of nucleotides, which are linked by phosphodiester bonds. The two most common types of nucleic acids are DNA and RNA, which are responsible for storing and transmitting genetic information. Carbohydrates are composed of long chains of sugars, which are linked by glycosidic bonds. Carbohydrates play a variety of roles in biological systems, including energy storage, structural support, and cell signalling.