A Microtome (from the Greek mikros, which means "small," and temnein, which means "to cut") is a cutting tool that produces extremely thin slices of material known as sections. Microtomes are important in science because they allow for the preparation of samples for observation under transmitted light or electron radiation. Depending on the specimen being sliced and the desired thickness of the sections being cut, Microtomes use steel, glass, or diamond blades. To prepare histological sections of animal or plant tissues for light microscopy, steel blades are used. Glass knives are used to cut light microscopy sections as well as very thin sections for electron microscopy.
Diamond knives of industrial grade are used to slice hard materials such as bone, teeth, and tough plant matter for light and electron microscopy. Diamond knives of the highest quality are also used to cut thin sections for electron microscopy. Microtomy is an alternative to electropolishing and ion milling for the preparation of thin sections for materials such as bones, minerals, and teeth. With section thicknesses ranging from 50 nm to 100 m, microtome sections can be made thin enough to section a human hair across its width.
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